Controller.



PATENTBD FEB. 26, 1907. w. COOPER & c. w. JOHNSON.

CONTROLLER.

APPLICATION 11.31) 00113.19.

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Witnexes TH: NORRIS PETERS Co., wAsHmcwN, 0. c4

No. 845,528. lAT-ENTED P3346, 1902 w. 000mm & at W. JOHNSON.

(JONTROLLER.

APPLICATION mm) 00113.1903.

oewoooo Inventor-5 William Cooper-- Charles II Johnson.

I Wl'naaes Attorney TH: Noam: PETERS cm, WASHINGTON, n. c.

No. 845,528. I I PATENTED FEB. 26, 1907.

W. COOPER & 0. W.IJOHNSON.

OONTROLLBR.

APPLICATION FILED 001'.1s,190s.

a SHEETSSHEET a.

Ai-borney.

THI NORRIS Plruu ca, wunmn'rou, nc.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM COOPER, OF CINCINNATI, AND CHARLES W. JOHNSON, OF NOR- WOOD,OHIO, ASSIGNORS, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO THE BULLOCK ELECTRIC COMPANY,A CORPORATION OF OHIO.

CONTROLLER.

1510- 845,528. $pecification of Letters Patent. Patented Feb. 26, 1907.

Application filed October 13,1903. Serial No- 176.821.

T n wh m i y concern: line 1 1 of Fig. 2 with star-wheel and pawl in Beit known that we, WILLIAM COOPER elevation. l ig. 2 is a sectional viewon the 55 and CHARLES W. JOHNSON, citizens of the line 2 2 of Fig. 1.Fig. 3 is a diagram of the United States, residing the former atCincincircuit connections and development of drum- 5 nati and the latterat Norwood, in the county contacts. Fig. i is an enlarged plan of the ofHamilton and State of Ohio, have invented intermeshing gears on the twodrums, and certain new and useful Improvements in Fig. 5 is an enlargedplan of the interlocking 6o Controllers, of which the following is afull, cams. clear, and exact specification. Referring first to Fig. 3,the multiple-vol- Our invention relates to controllers for tage mainsare indicated at 1 2 3 4, and there electric motors, and moreparticularly to conmay be three or more, as desired, the greatertrollers adapted to vary the speed of a motor the number the greaterbeing the number of 6 by changing the voltage applied thereto anddifferent voltages available. In the present operated from amultiple-voltage system. instance siX diiferent voltages are available,

5 In the most modern shops of all descripand their difference may bearranged to suit tions it has become the practice to useinderequirements of speed. It has been found pendent electric motors fordriving the va in practice that the following combination 7o riousmachine-tools or other driven mechanof voltages give very good results:between isms. In connection with this class of work mains 1 and 2, sixtyvolts; between 2 and 3,

a wide variation of speed control is very deeighty volts; between 3 and4, one hundred sirable and the object of our invention is to and tenvolts; between 1 and 3, one hundred obtain a large range of speeds, atany one of and forty volts; between 2 and 4, one hunwhich the motor maybe continuously operdred and ninety volts, and between 1 and a, ated athigh efficiency. two hundred and fifty volts.

2 5 By our invention certain changes of speed The mains are runthroughout the factory are obtained by using a motor in conjunction orshop to which the system is applied to a with multiple-voltage mainsand. varying the number of motors arranged at different voltage appliedto the armature, and other points. The connections for only one motorchanges in speed are secured by changing the are shown, as theconnections to the other 3 field strength. The lowest speed may be obmotors are similar. The mains are connecttainod by applying a lowvoltage to the ared, through a switch 5, to the fingers 6 6 mature witha strong field. The speed may 6 as shown, which engage with contacts on8 5 then. be increased by weakening the field the two drums 7 and 8,which are insulated step by step. The field. may then be infrom eachother. The contacts carried by 35 creased and a higher speed obtained byinthe drums are indicated at 9 and consist of creasing the voltageapplied to the armature, small cylindrical metal pieces screwed intowhich more than offsets the strengthened the drums and having the outerends adapted 9o field. Further increase in speed is then obto makecontact with the fingers at the diftained by gradually weakening thefield, as ferent positions of the drums, as indicated at 4. before, andthis series of changes may bere- 1 1 1 and 2 2 2 Connection is madepeated until the motor is operated on the from fingers 6 and 6 by thelead 10 through highest voltage available with the field weak. themagnetic blow-out coil 11 to the arma- In obtaining the above speedcontrol W6 ture 12 of the motor to be driven and thence have developed acontroller which is simple by lead 13 to fingers 6 and 6 5 inconstruction and easily operated. An additional drum 14 is used, whichmay Our invention will be understood from the be designated as thefield-drum. This following description, read in connection carriescontacts 15, arranged in groups, and a with the accompanyingdra'\vings,which show row of contacts 16 near the bottom of the thepreferred form of construction, and the drum. These contacts are similarto con- 50 novelty thereof will be specifically set forth tacts 9 on themain drums. Their outer ends in the appended claims. make contact withthe fingers 3 3 3 as the Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view ldrum is turned through the different rosithrough the axis of thecontroller-drums 011 l tions indicated at 4; L -41 Connection is made bylead 17 from the main 4 through the field-coil 18 of the motor to finger3. A lead 19 connects main 1 to finger 3 Between fingers 3 and 3 aresistance 20 is connected, and this is subdivided by taps which connectto fingers 3 r 3 3 and 3 as shown.

The controller is inclosed by a cast frame 21 and a removable frontcover 22. In the upper and lower bearings 23 is mounted the shaft- 24 ofthe two main drums 7 S. The drums are made up of the iron cylinders 25,secured to the end heads 26. These are insulated from the shaft by themicanite sleeve 27 and at the ends by the insulators 28, being securedthereto by the pins 29. Above the upper insulator 28 is the collar 30,fixed to the shaft by the taper pin 31 and to the insulator 28 by pins32. Above the collar and also fixed to the shaft is the gear 33, onwhich is secured the cam 34. A pointer 35 is attached to the top of theshaft outside of the frame for the purpose of indicating its positionwith reference to a dial below the pointer. Beneath the lower insulator28 is a starwheel 36, fixed to the shaft and secured to insulator 28 bypins 37. A pawl87, pivoted to the frame at 38, carries a roller 39,which engages the starwheel. The pawl is pressed against the star-wheelby the spring 40, se cured at one end to the pawl and at the other tothe frame. This arrangement tends to keep the drums in certain positionsfor the different speeds and to prevent stopping at intermediate points.The star-wheel is provided with the projection 41, having the concavesides 42. ll hen the pawl engages the projection on either side, itprevents further movement of the drums in that direction.

The field-drum 14 is mounted on shaft 43 to one side of the main drum.The drum, which is of 1r.etal, has the end heads cast integral with thecylindrical portion and is insulated from the shaft by the micanitesleeve 44. The drum is secured at the end by pins 45 to insulators 46,and these are secured by pins 47 to collars 48, which are fixed to theshaft 43. Above the upper collar 48 is a gear 49, fixed to the shaft,and secured to this gear is a cam 59. The gears 49 and 33 mesh with eachother, and their outline is shown in Fig. 4. The gears are the same indiameter, and one half of each is toothed in the usual manner. The otherhalf of gear 33 is provided. with the six indentations 51, which areengaged by the tooth 52, carried by gear 49. W hen shaft 43 is turned bythe operating-handle in a righthanded direction for forward speeds, itis evident that it will make one complete revolution between eachmovement of shaft 24 of one notch by engagement of tooth 52, and sLxcomplete revolutions of shaft 43 may be made for onehalf a revolution ofshaft 24. When the shaft 43 is moved left-handed for reverse speeds, theteeth 54 interrnesh and both shafts make a half-revolutionsimultaneously. The cams and 34 interlock, as shown in Fig. 5, and forforward speeds permit shaft 24 to be moved step by step, at which tinesthe projections 55 successively engage the indentation 56; but betweensteps the circular periphery of the cam 50 engages the curved portions57 and locks the drums in position.

The outside of drums 7, S, and 14 are covered with micanite 58 toprotect the surfaces from sparking. The contacts 9 and 15 are not shownon the drums in Figs. 1 and 2 for the purpose of avoiding confusion; but it will be understood that they are placed thereon in positions tocorrespond with those shown in Fig. 3. The fingers 6 to (3 are, as shownat 59, secured to terminals (30, which are mounted upon the wooden strip(51, made of maple soaked in parallin. This strip is secured at top andbottom to the frame, as shown at 62. The fingers 2:3 to 3 for thefield-drum (shown at 63) are simila -ly mo unted on a wooden strip 64,which secured to the frame. Openings 65 are provided in the back of thefranle for the leads which connect to the fingers.

Below the drum 14 is the blow-out coil 11, the core 66 of which projectsforward from the back of the frame. An iron plate 67 (shown in dottedlines in Fig. 1) attached to the core 66 and extends over all thecontacts c to 6 The rear portion of the frame is curved and closelyenvelops the contacts. as shown in Fig. 2. The cont acts are made ofbrass, with an iron sleeve upon each. There is therefore a path ofcomparatively low magnetic reluctance from the core of the blow-out coilthrough the plate (3?, across the lingers 59 to the drums 7 and. 8,through the drum-contacts, and from the drum through the contacts at therear to the fran1e, and then to the core of the l low-out coil. Themagnetic flux across the points when the tingers engage the contactsminimize the sparking by blowing out the are, as is well understood.

The VitTlOUS connections made by the controller will be understood byreference to Fig. 3. The field is always excited when. switch 5 isclosed and is alwa vs connected to the highest potential dilferenceavailable, which is that between mains l a .d 4. The contacts on thefield-drum on the same horizontal line are equivalent to a singlecontactstrip, as they are so close together that the fingers may makecontact with two adjacent contacts at the same time. The oll' positionof drums 7 and 8 is indicated by the line 1, and no contacts beingthereon no current flows through the armature. The correspondingposition of the field-drum is with line 4 under the fingers 3 to 3 Thefieldcurrent then flows from main 1 by lead 19, through resistance 20 tofinger 3 to the IlO drum, out by finger 3 through field-winding 18, lead17, to main 4:. The shunt-field at that time has all resistance 20 inseries with it, which reduces the current in the coil, and the field isthen its weakest.

Movement of handle 53. to a slight extent in a right handed direction.brings line 2 under the fingers 6 to 6 and line 4 under fingers 3 to 3The armature circuit is then as follows: main 1, finger 6 drum 7, finger6 lead 13, armature 12, blowout coil 1.1, lead 10, finger 6 drum 8,finger 6, to main 2. The lowest voltage or potential differenceavailable is then applied to the armature. The field-circuit is frommain 1, lead 19, finger 3 drum 14, finger 3 field 18, lead. 17 to main4:. The field then has its greatest strength, as no resistance is inseries with the field-coil, and this strong field, combined with the lowvoltage applied to the armature, gives the lowest speed to the motor.Further movement of drum 14 may then be made to position 4 while thedrums 7 and 8 remain stationary by reason of the form of the gears 49and 33. For position 1 of the field-drum the current passes from main 1,through lead 19 and apart of resistance 20 to finger 3 then to the drumand out by finger 3 through the field-coil to main l. The insertion of apart of resistance 20 in. series with the field-coil weakens the field,and therefore gives an increase in speed. In the same way furthermovement of drum 14 to the successive positions 1 4 4 r, and 1 inserts agreater and greater amount of resistance 20 in the field-circuit untilit is all inserted at position 1 and gradually increases the speed ateach step. Seven different speeds are therefore obtained while thearmature is connected to the mains giving the lowest potentialdi'lilj'erence. When the field resistance is increased step by step, onefinger makes contact before the adjacent one breaks contact, and thecircuit is therefore not broken. After one revolution of the field-drumthe tooth 52 again engages the gear 33, and drums 7 and 8 are moved sothat the fingers make contact on line 2 The armatare-current is then asfollows: main 2, finger 6*, drum 7, finger 6 lead 13, armature 12,blow-out coil 11, lead 10, finger 6 drum 8, finger 6 to main 3. Thevoltage of the mains 2 3, which is higher than. that of mains 1 2, istherefore applied to the arn'iature. At the same time the field-drumfingers contact on line 4 and all the resistance is cut out of thefield-circuit, giving a strong field. The strengthening of the field is,however, more than offset by the increase in armaturepotential, and anincreased,

The held 18 weakened step by speed. results. step for increased speedsby completing the second revolution of the field-drum. At the beginningof the third revolution drums 7 and 8 are turned another step. Thisconnects the armature-circuit to mains 3 4, and

although the field strength is increased at this step an increased speedresults, due to the higher potential difi'erence of mains 34 over thatof mains 2 3. The field strength is now gradually weakened again. forincreased. speeds. In the same way for each revolution of the field-drumthe potential difference applied to the armature is increased byconnecting the armature-circuit to mains of gradually-increasingpotential. At each increase in armature-potential the field strength isalso increased and then weakened step by step until thearmaturepotential is again increased. It will be evi dent by followingout the circuits that for position 2 the armature will be connected tomains 1 3 for position 2 the armature will be connected to mains 2 4,and for position 2 the armature will be connected to mains 1 1. There istherefore siX different voltages applied to the armature, and as thereare seven diflerent field strengths for each voltage there are obtainedforty-two speeds for forward operation. When the drums are in such. aposition as to give the highest speed, the pawl 37 engages projection 41on the star-wheel, and further movement of the drums in the samedirection is prevented.

For reverse operation of the motor the handle 53 is turned from offposition in a lefthanded direction, and by reason of the teeth 54 thedrums 7 S and field-drum are moved simultaneously. For the first reversespeed line 1 is brought under the fingers 6 to 6 and thearmature-circuit is as follows: main 1, finger 6, drum 7, finger 6 lead10, blowout coil 11, armature, lead 13, finger 6 drum 8, finger 6 tomain 2. The lowest potential difference is therefore applied. to thearmature, and the current passes through the same in a reversedirection, while thepolarity of the field remains unchanged, thus givingreverse operation of the motor. The correspoi'iding position of thefield-drum is line 4?, and the field. is therefore weak. The firstreverse speed corresponds to the sixth forward speed. Further movementof handle 53 brings the fingers over lines 1 and 1 for the secondreverse speed. The armature-circuit is then as follows: main 2, finger6", drum 7, finger 6 blow-out coil, armature, finger 6 drum 8, finger 6to main 3. For remaining positions the armature will be connected tomains 3 a, then to mains 1 3, then to 2 1, and finally to mains 1 4 atposition 1 For each of these connections the field will have a differentstrength and become stronger for each increase in voltage, until at thelast position all the resistance 20 will be cut out and the field willhave its full strength. After the highest reverse speed is obtainedfurther movement of the drums is prevented by the pawl 37 engaging theprojection. 41. Six reverse speeds are therefore obtained.

Evidently various modifications may be Lil made in the structure of ourdevice an d still be within the scope thereof as defined by the claims.Also the number of supply-mains and voltages available may vary withoutdeparting from the esssential features of our invention, and three mainswith three ditlerent voltages, or four mains with six difl'erentvoltages, or any greater number of mains may be used.

We claim our invention- 1. The combination of multiple-voltage mains, amotor, a controlling-switch operated by a single handle and connectionsarranged to connect the armature to mains of gradually-increasing vol tage and at each increase in voltage to strengthen the field byincreasing the current in the field-circuit and between each increase involtage to weaken the field by reducing the current in the field-circuitto gradually increase the speed of the motor, and means for obtaining areverse rotation of said motor by movement of said handle.

2. The combination of multiple -voltage mains, a motor, a fieldresistance, a controlling switch operated by a single handle andconnections arranged to connect the armature to mains ofgradually-increasing voltage and each increase in voltage to cut outresistance from the 'llGlQ-Cll'Clllt and between each increase ofvoltage to insert the resistance in the field-circuit to graduallyincrease the speed of the motor, and means for obtaining a reve rotationof said motor by movement of said handle.

3. The combination of multiple-voltage mains, a motor, acontrolling-switch, and connections arranged to connect the armature ofthe motor to lowvoltage mains, then weaken the field by reducing thecurrent in the field-circuit, then connect the armature to mains ot'hhicr voltage and again weaken the field by reducing the current in thefieldcircuit to gradually increase the speed of the motor, and means forobtaining a reverse ro tation of said motor by movement of said handle.

it. The combination of multiple-voltage mains, a motor, a cmtrolling-switch, a single handle for operating the same, andconnections arranged to connect the armature of the motor to low-voltagemains, then weaken the field by reducing the current in thefieldcircuit, then connect the armature, to mains of higher volts byreducing current in the field-circuit to gradually increase the speed ofthe motor, and means for connecting the armature of said motor to thesaid mains of dillerent voltage so as to obtain reverse rotation of saidmotor also by mox'ement of said single handle.

5. The combination of multiple-voltage mains, a motor, a fieldresistance, a controlling-switch, and connections arranged to connectthearmature of the motor to low-vol e and again weaken the field l l 1 l il ing resistance in the field-circuit, then connect the armature tomains of higher voltage and also strengthen the held by cutting theresistance out ot the fieldcircuit, then weaken the field. by againii'iserting the resistance in the fieldcircuit to gradually increase thespeed of the n'iotor, and means for connecting the arn'iaturc of saidmotor to the said mains of difi'erent voltage so as to obtain reverserotation of said motor also by movement of said single handle.

6. The combination of multiplevoltage mains, a motor, afield resistance,a controlling-switch, a single handle for operating the same, andconnections arranged so that when the handle is turned in one directionthe armature of the motor is connected to low-voltage mains, the -fieldthen weakened by inserting resistance in the field-circuit, the armaturethen connected to mains ol h'gher potential and the field resistance cutout of thefield-circuit, the field again weakened by inserting theresistance in the field-circuit to gradually increase the speed of themotor, and connections arranged so that when the said handle is turnedin the opposite direction a reverse rotation of the motor is obtained.

7. The combination of multiple-voltage mains, a motor, a fieldresistance, a controlling-switch, a handle for operating the same, andconnections arranged so that when the handle is turned in one directionthe armature of the motor is connected to low-potential mains, the fieldthen weakened by inserting resistance in the field-circuit, and the armature then connected to mains of higher potential to graduallyincrease the speed of the motor, and connections arranged so that whenthe said. handle is: turned in the opposite direction a reverse rotationof the motor is obtained at dill'erent speeds by connecting the armatureto said mains of diflerent po tential.

8. The combination of multiple-voltage mains, a motor, acontrollingswitch, a bandle for the same, a field resistance. andconnections arranged so that trrning the handle in one direction forforward speeds first con.- nects the motor-armatrre to mains of lowvoltage, then inserts resistance in the fieldcircnit, then connects thearmature to mains of higher potential and cnts out the field resistanceto give a gradually-increasing speed, and turning the handle in theopposite direction reverses the direction of rotation of the motor andconnects the motor-armattn'e to mains of graduall v-increasing voltageto give gradnally-increasing speeds in the opposite direction.

9. The combination of mrltiple-voltage mains, a motor, acontrolling-switch, a bandle for the same, a field resistance at dconnections arranged so that ti'rning the handle tage mains, then weakenthe field by insertin one direction for forward speeds connects themotor-armature to mains of graduallyincreasing voltage and alsostrengthens the field and between each increase in voltage weakens thefield to gradually increase the speed of the motor, and turning thehandle in the opposite direction reverses the direction of rotation ofthe motor and connects the ar mature to mains of gradually-increasingvoltage to give gradually-increasing speeds in the opposite direction.

10. The combination of multiple-voltage mains, a motor, afieldresistance, a controlling-switch and. connections,said controllingswitchcomprising a shaft carrying contacts adapted to vary the voltageapplied. to the motor-armature, a second shaft carrying contacts adaptedto vary the resistance in the field-circuit, gearing connecting saidshafts, interlocking cams on said shafts and a handle on one of saidshafts for operating the same.

11. The combination of multiple-voltage mains, a motor, a fieldresistance, a controlling-switch and connections, said controllingswitchcomprising a contact-drum, a second contact-drum out of alinement withthe axis of said first drum, and. means controlled by a single devicefor actuating both of said drums.

12. The combination. of multiple-voltage mains, a motor, a fieldresistance, a controlling-switch and connections,said controllingswitchcomprising a contact-drum having contacts for varying said fieldresistance, a second contact-drum out of alinement with the axis of saidfirst drum and having contacts for varying the voltage applied to thecircuit of the motorarmature, and means controlled by a single devicefor actuating both of said drums.

13. The combination of multiple-voltage mains, a motor, a fieldresistance, a controlling-switch and connections, said controllingswitchcomprising a contact-drum having contacts for varying said fieldresistance, a

second contact-drum out of alinement with drum.

14. The combination of multiple-voltage mains, a motor, a fieldresistance, a controllingswitch and connections,said controllingswitchcomprising a contact-drum having contacts for varying said fieldresistance, a second contact-drum out of alinement with the axis of saidfirst drum and having contacts for varying the voltage applied to thecircuit of the motor-armature, and means controlled by a single devicefor actuating said first drum and for exerting a force at in tervalstending to move said second drum when said device is moved continuously.

15. The combination of multiple-voltage mains, a motor, a fieldresistance, a controlling-switch and connections,said controllingswitchcomprising a contact-drum having contacts for varying said fieldresistance, a second contact-drum out of alinement with the axis of saidfirst drum and having contacts for varying the voltage applied to thecircuit of the motor-armature, and means controlled by a single devicefor actuating said second drum one step per each revolution of saidfirst drum, both of said drums being actuated by the movement of saiddevice.

In testimony whereof we afiix our signatures in presence of twowitnesses.

WILLIAM COOPER. CHARLES JOHNSON. Witnesses:

L. K. SAGER, SANFORD KLEIN.

